Psychopaths composed that small but embarrassing cohort whose very resistance to all manner of treatment seemed to be its defining characteristic. Law and psychiatry, even at the zenith of their rehabilitative optimism, both viewed psychopaths as a kind of exception that proved the rehabilitative rule. The label psychopath is often used loosely by a variety of participants in the system-police, victims, prosecutors, judges, probation officers, parole and prison officials, even defense lawyers-as a kind of lay synonym for incorrigible. Psychopaths consume an astonishingly disproportionate amount of criminal justice resources. This review also highlights a recent, compelling and cost-effective treatment program that has shown a significant reduction in violent recidivism in youth on a putative trajectory to psychopathic personality. Given psychopathy’s enormous impact on society in general and on the criminal justice system in particular, there are significant benefits to increasing awareness of the condition. This article presents the most current clinical efforts and neuroscience research in the field of psychopathy. Psychopaths are twenty to twenty-five times more likely than non-psychopaths to be in prison, four to eight times more likely to violently recidivate compared to non-psychopaths, and are resistant to most forms of treatment. Individuals with psychopathic personality, or psychopaths, have a disproportionate impact on the criminal justice system. The manuscript surveys the history of psychopathic personality, from its origins in psychiatric folklore to its modern assessment in the forensic arena.

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